Ka ọ na-esiwanye ike zuru ụwa ọnụ na mmepe na-adịgide adịgide, ike hydrogen, dị ka onye na-ebu ike dị ọcha ma dị irè, na-abanye n'ọhụụ ndị mmadụ nwayọ nwayọ. Dịka njikọ dị mkpa na usoro ụlọ ọrụ ike hydrogen, teknụzụ nhicha hydrogen abụghị naanị nchekwa na ntụkwasị obi nke ike hydrogen, kamakwa ọ na-emetụta oke ngwa na uru akụ na ụba nke ike hydrogen.
1. Ihe achọrọ maka hydrogen ngwaahịa
Dịka ihe eji emepụta kemịkalụ na ihe na-ebu ike, hydrogen nwere ihe dị iche iche achọrọ maka ịdị ọcha na ọdịnaya adịghị ọcha n'ọnọdụ dị iche iche nke ojiji. N'imepụta ammonia sịntetik, methanol na ngwaahịa kemịkalụ ndị ọzọ, iji gbochie nsị ihe na-akpali akpali ma hụ na ngwaahịa dị mma, a ga-ewepụ sulfide na ihe ndị ọzọ na-egbu egbu na gas nri tupu oge eruo iji belata ọdịnaya adịghị ọcha iji mezuo ihe achọrọ. N'ọhịa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe dịka metallurgy, seramiiki, iko, na semiconductors, hydrogen gas na-abanye kpọmkwem na ngwaahịa, ihe achọrọ maka ịdị ọcha na ọdịnaya adịghị ọcha siri ike karị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ụlọ ọrụ semiconductors, a na-eji hydrogen eme ihe maka usoro dịka nkwadebe kristal na substrate, oxidation, annealing, wdg, nke nwere oke oke mmachi na adịghị ọcha dịka oxygen, mmiri, hydrocarbons dị arọ, hydrogen sulfide, wdg. na hydrogen.
2. Ụkpụrụ ọrụ nke deoxygenation
N'okpuru ọrụ nke ihe na-akpali akpali, obere oxygen dị na hydrogen nwere ike imeghachi omume na hydrogen iji mepụta mmiri, na-emezu ebumnuche nke deoxygenation. Mmeghachi omume ahụ bụ mmeghachi omume mpụga, usoro mmeghachi omume ahụ bụ dị ka ndị a:
2H ₂+O ₂ (ihe na-akpalite) -2H ₂ O+Q
Ebe ọ bụ na ihe mejupụtara ya, ihe ndị mejupụtara ya, na àgwà ya nke ihe na-akpali akpali anaghị agbanwe tupu na mgbe mmeghachi omume gasịrị, enwere ike iji ihe na-akpali akpali ahụ na-aga n'ihu na-enweghị mmeghari ohuru.
Deoxidizer ahụ nwere usoro silinda dị n'ime na nke dị n'èzí, yana ihe na-akpali akpali nke dị n'etiti silinda dị n'èzí na nke dị n'ime. A na-etinye ihe na-ekpo ọkụ eletrik na-anaghị agbawa agbawa n'ime silinda dị n'ime, a na-ahụkwa ihe mmetụta okpomọkụ abụọ n'elu na ala nke ihe na-akwalite mmeghachi omume iji chọpụta ma chịkwaa okpomọkụ mmeghachi omume. A na-eji akwa mkpuchi kpuchie silinda dị n'èzí iji gbochie mfu okpomọkụ ma zere ọkụ. Hydrogen raw na-abanye na silinda dị n'ime site na ntinye elu nke deoxidizer, ihe na-ekpo ọkụ eletrik na-ekpo ọkụ, ma na-agafe n'ihe ndina catalyst site na ala ruo n'elu. Oxygen dị na hydrogen raw na-emeghachi omume na hydrogen n'okpuru ọrụ nke ihe na-akwalite iji mepụta mmiri. Enwere ike ibelata ọdịnaya oxygen dị na hydrogen na-esi na mpụga ala ruo n'okpuru 1ppm. Mmiri nke njikọta ahụ na-esi na deoxidizer pụta n'ụdị gas na gas hydrogen, na-agbakọta na oyi hydrogen na-esote, na-enyocha na ihe nkewa ikuku-mmiri, ma na-apụ na sistemụ ahụ.
3. Ụkpụrụ ọrụ nke akọrọ
Ịkpọ nkụ nke gas hydrogen na-eji usoro adsorption eme ihe, na-eji molekul sieve dị ka adsorbents. Mgbe ọ kpọchara, ebe igirigi nke gas hydrogen nwere ike iru n'okpuru -70 ℃. Molecular sieve bụ ụdị aluminosilicate compound nwere cubic lattice, nke na-emepụta ọtụtụ oghere nke nha n'ime mgbe mmiri gwụchara ma nwee nnukwu mpaghara elu. A na-akpọ molekul sieves molecular sieves n'ihi na ha nwere ike kewapụ molekul nwere ọdịdị dị iche iche, dayameta, polarity, isi mmiri ọkụ, na ọkwa saturation.
Mmiri bụ molekul polar dị elu, ihe mkpuchi molekul nwekwara njikọ siri ike na mmiri. Mkpọchi nke ihe mkpuchi molekul bụ mkpọchi anụ ahụ, mgbe mkpọchi ahụ jupụtara, ọ na-ewe oge iji kpoo ọkụ ma mee ka ọ dịghachi ọhụrụ tupu e tinye ya ọzọ. Ya mere, a na-etinye ma ọ dịkarịa ala ihe nkụ abụọ n'ime ngwaọrụ nhicha, otu na-arụ ọrụ ebe nke ọzọ na-eme ka ọ dịghachi ọhụrụ, iji hụ na mmepụta na-aga n'ihu nke gas hydrogen kwụsiri ike na dew point.
Igwe nkụ ahụ nwere usoro silinda dị n'ime na nke dị n'èzí, yana ihe na-adọrọ adọrọ nke dị n'etiti silinda dị n'èzí na nke dị n'ime. A na-etinye ihe na-ekpo ọkụ eletrik na-anaghị agbawa agbawa n'ime silinda dị n'ime, a na-ahụkwa ihe mmetụta okpomọkụ abụọ n'elu na ala nke ngwugwu sieve molekul iji chọpụta ma chịkwaa okpomọkụ mmeghachi omume. A na-eji akwa mkpuchi kpuchie silinda dị n'èzí iji gbochie mfu okpomọkụ ma zere ọkụ. A na-atụgharị ikuku ikuku dị na ọnọdụ adsorption (gụnyere ọnọdụ ọrụ mbụ na nke abụọ) na ọnọdụ mmeghari. N'ọnọdụ adsorption, paịpụ dị n'elu bụ ebe gas na-apụta na paịpụ dị n'okpuru bụ ebe gas na-abanye. N'ọnọdụ mmeghari ohuru, paịpụ dị n'elu bụ ebe gas na-abanye na paịpụ dị n'okpuru bụ ebe gas na-abanye. Enwere ike kewaa sistemụ nkụ ahụ ụzọ abụọ na ebe a na-akpọ nkụ ụlọ elu atọ dịka ọnụọgụgụ nke ebe a na-akpọ nkụ si dị.
4. Usoro ụlọ elu abụọ
A na-etinye igwe nkụ abụọ n'ime ngwaọrụ ahụ, nke na-agbanwe ma na-emegharị n'ime otu okirikiri (awa 48) iji nweta ọrụ na-aga n'ihu nke ngwaọrụ ahụ dum. Mgbe ọ kpọchara, ebe igirigi nke hydrogen nwere ike iru n'okpuru -60 ℃. N'oge okirikiri ọrụ (awa 48), igwe nkụ A na B na-arụ ọrụ ma na-emegharị, n'otu n'otu.
N'otu usoro mgbanwe, igwe nkụ ahụ na-enweta ọnọdụ abụọ: ọnọdụ ọrụ na ọnọdụ mmeghari.
· Ọnọdụ mmeghari ohuru: Olu gas nhazi bụ oke gas zuru oke. Ọnọdụ mmeghari ohuru gụnyere ogbo ikpo ọkụ na ogbo oyi;
1) Ọkwa ikpo ọkụ - ihe na-ekpo ọkụ dị n'ime igwe nkụcha na-arụ ọrụ, ma na-akwụsị ikpo ọkụ ozugbo mgbe okpomọkụ dị elu ruru uru edobere ma ọ bụ oge ikpo ọkụ ruru uru edobere;
2) Oge oyi - Mgbe igwe nkụcha ahụ kwụsịrị ikpo ọkụ, ikuku na-aga n'ihu na-asọfe site na igwe nkụcha ahụ n'ụzọ mbụ iji mee ka ọ dị jụụ ruo mgbe igwe nkụcha ahụ ga-agbanwe gaa na ọnọdụ ọrụ.
·Ọkwa ọrụ: Oke ikuku nhazi ahụ zuru oke, ihe na-ekpo ọkụ dị n'ime igwe nkụ anaghị arụ ọrụ.
5. Usoro ọrụ ụlọ elu atọ
Ugbu a, a na-eji usoro ụlọ elu atọ ahụ eme ihe nke ukwuu. E tinyere igwe nkụ atọ n'ime ngwaọrụ ahụ, nke nwere ihe mkpofu (ihe mkpuchi molekul) nwere nnukwu ikike ịmịnye mmiri na ezigbo iguzogide okpomọkụ. Igwe nkụ atọ na-agbanwe n'etiti ọrụ, mmeghari ohuru, na mmịpụta mmiri iji nweta ọrụ na-aga n'ihu nke ngwaọrụ ahụ dum. Mgbe ọ kpọchara, ebe igirigi nke gas hydrogen nwere ike iru n'okpuru -70 ℃.
N'oge usoro mgbanwe, igwe nkụ na-agafe ọnọdụ atọ: ọrụ, mmịpụta, na mmeghari ohuru. Maka steeti ọ bụla, a na-ahụ igwe nkụ mbụ ebe gas hydrogen a na-anaghị amị amị na-abanye mgbe e mechara deoxygenation, oyi, na nzacha mmiri:
1) Ọnọdụ ọrụ: Oke gas nhazi ahụ dị n'ike zuru oke, ihe na-ekpo ọkụ dị n'ime igwe nkụcha anaghị arụ ọrụ, ebe ihe na-esi na ya apụta bụ gas hydrogen a na-anaghị akpọnwụ akpọnwụ;
Igwe nkụ nke abụọ dị na:
2) Ọnọdụ mmeghari ohuru: 20% olu gas: Ọnọdụ mmeghari ohuru gụnyere ogbo ikpo ọkụ na ogbo oyi;
Ogbo ikpo ọkụ - ihe na-ekpo ọkụ dị n'ime igwe nkụcha na-arụ ọrụ, ma na-akwụsị ikpo ọkụ ozugbo mgbe okpomọkụ dị elu ruru uru edobere ma ọ bụ oge ikpo ọkụ ruru uru edobere;
Oge oyi - Mgbe igwe nkụcha kwụsịrị ikpo ọkụ, ikuku na-aga n'ihu na-asọfe site na igwe nkụcha n'ụzọ mbụ iji mee ka ọ dị jụụ ruo mgbe igwe nkụcha ahụ ga-agbanwe gaa n'ọnọdụ ọrụ; Mgbe igwe nkụcha ahụ nọ n'ọkwa mmeghari, igwe nkụcha ahụ ga-agbaze mmiri na gas hydrogen akọrọ;
Igwe nkụ nke atọ dị na:
3) Ọnọdụ nnabata: Nhazi olu gas bụ 20%, ihe na-ekpo ọkụ na igwe nkụ anaghị arụ ọrụ, ebe ihe na-esi na ya apụta bụ hydrogen gas maka imeghari.
Oge ozi: Disemba-19-2024
